More than 12 years ago, a major U.S. bank decided not to do any business with a Luxembourg-based institution called the Bank of Credit and Commerce International.

One of the American executives recalls that something about BCCI just didn’t add up. “They were reluctant to provide information about the sources and uses of funds,” he said last week. “We got bad vibes from them … so we just put them on our internal blacklist.”

A lot of other people got bad vibes from BCCI, and among bankers it acquired the nickname of “Bank of Crooks and Criminals.” But it took a dozen years for regulators overseeing BCCI’s far-flung empire in Britain, Luxembourg, the Cayman Islands and elsewhere to reach the same conclusion. // In the interim, BCCI wove what its auditors, Price Waterhouse, belatedly discovered and now describe as “probably one of the most complex deceptions in banking history.”

BCCI made phony loans, concealed deposits, hid huge losses, and was the bank for a host of shady customers ranging from terrorists and spies to drug runners and dictators.  //